Overcoming the Dependence on Animal Models for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics – The Promises and Prospects of In Vitro Models

In vitro osteoarthritis models have evolved over the years with progression from 2D monolayers to 3D models to advanced technologies-based models such as 3D bioprinting, bioassembly, organoids, and organ-on-chip-based models. Recapitulating the native pathological environment and scrutinizing different molecular and possible therapeutic targets is crucial...

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A Microfluidic Model Artery for Studying the Mechanobiology of Endothelial Cells

A model artery is reported that accurately reproduces most of the mechanical forces and arterial geometries found in vivo under both physiological and pathological states. By recapitulating complex in vivo mechanical microenvironments including those observed in early-stage atherosclerosis, a strong correlation is demonstrated between the elevated levels...

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Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations

Extracellular vesicles are an emerging cell-free treatment strategy for intervertebral disc degeneration with demonstrated therapeutic potential to promote endogenous repair. This systematic review identifies all preclinical studies to-date that investigate the use of stem cell- or primary cell-derived extracellular vesicles to treat models of intervertebral...

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A Honeycomb‐Like Bismuth/Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle with Mutual Reinforcement of Internal and External Response for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy

This work represents a biomimetic honeycomb-like nanoparticle which exhibits high indocyanine green payload (50.6 wt%), enables homologous targeted ability and establishes a mutually reinforcing mechanism between internal tumor microenvironment responses (H2O2 for O2 generation, glutathione for chemodynamic therapy) and external response (photothermal...

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Hydrogel Loaded with VEGF/TFEB‐Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Rescuing Critical Limb Ischemia by a Dual‐Pathway Activation Strategy

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/transcription factor EB (TFEB)-engineered extracellular vesicles (Engineered-EVs) are incorporated with injectable thermal-responsive hydrogel. This Engineered-EV/Hydrogel system can effectively improve neovascularization and attenuate muscle injury in the critical limb ischemia animal model. The activation...

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Localized Chemotherapy Based on Injectable Hydrogel Boosts the Antitumor Activity of Adoptively Transferred T Lymphocytes In Vivo

An injectable thermosensitive hydrogel is developed for intratumoral delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Preconditioning chemotherapy with DOX augments the infiltration of adoptively transferred activated T cells into the tumor mass and reverses immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment. This combination represents a promising platform to increase...

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Enhancing the Stability of COVID‐19 Serological Assay through Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulation

Using metal-organic framework nanocrystals as protective encapsulants, surface bound SARS-CoV-2 antigens and antibodies in serum samples obtained from COVID-19 patients are preserved against elevated temperature for improving the stability of serological assays. Abstract Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is widely utilized in serologic assays,...

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Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria Based on Cationic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Properties

Cationic and cyclometalated iridium complexes are designed, synthesized, and characterized. These phosphors exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property and reactive oxygen species generation capability upon light excitation. Bacteria can be stained by treating these AIE-active phosphors under fluorescence microscope, and the structural changes...

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Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology

The development of breathing human lungs-on-chip brought about the advent of disrupting experimental strategies in inhalation toxicology. In this review, the recent development is explored in the field and future recommendations are provided to advance the in vitro inhalation toxicology integrating emerging air–liquid interface design, innovative soft...

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Tumor Associated Macrophages and TAMs‐Based Anti‐Tumor Nanomedicines

This paper firstly generalizes various roles of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) involved in the progression of cancers, and subsequently reviews anti-tumor nanomedicines targeting TAMs by suppressing TAMs from being recruited to tumor sites, inhibiting viability of TAMs, inducing the reprogramming of TAMs into M1-type or enhancing immune function...

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