by Callan O’Connor, Gregory R. Keele, Whitney Martin, Timothy Stodola, Daniel Gatti, Brian R. Hoffman, Ron Korstanje, Gary A. Churchill, Laura G. Reinholdt The health risks that arise from environmental exposures vary widely within and across human populations, and these differences are largely determined by genetic variation and gene-by-environment...

by Kory P. Luedke, Jiro Yoshino, Chang Yin, Nan Jiang, Jessica M. Huang, Kevin Huynh, Jay Z. Parrish An animal’s skin provides a first point of contact with the sensory environment, including noxious cues that elicit protective behavioral responses. Nociceptive somatosensory neurons densely innervate and intimately interact with epidermal cells...

by Darius Camp, Bhavya Venkatesh, Veronika Solianova, Lorena Varela, Benjamin T. Goult, Guy Tanentzapf Cell adhesion requires linkage of transmembrane receptors to the cytoskeleton through intermediary linker proteins. Integrin-based adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) involves large adhesion complexes that contain multiple cytoskeletal...

by Boxi Lin, Andrew D. Paterson, Lei Sun Genetic effects can be sex-specific, particularly for traits such as testosterone, a sex hormone. While sex-stratified analysis provides easily interpretable sex-specific effect size estimates, the presence of sex-differences in SNP effect implies a SNP×sex interaction. This suggests the usage of the often...

by Peiyao Wang, Zhaotong Lin, Haoran Xue, Wei Pan Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic loci associated with complex traits and diseases in the past 20 years. Multiple heritable covariates may be added into GWAS regression models to estimate direct effects of genetic variants on a focal trait, or to improve the power...

by Liu Xu, Yibing Chen, Lingling Liu, Xinyu Hu, Chengsi He, Yuan Zhou, Xinyi Ding, Minhua Luo, Jiajing Yan, Quentin Liu, Hongsheng Li, Dongming Lai, Zhengzhi Zou Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) subtypes have been shown to impact cancer prognosis and resistance to immunotherapy. However, there is still a lack of systematic investigation into...