Modern and future colliders

Author(s): V. Shiltsev and F. ZimmermannParticle accelerators have been engines of discovery for many decades. The most powerful ones are used in particle physics where intense particle beams collide to study new particles. This has led to groundbreaking discoveries in our understanding of matter and forces. In this article the key concepts behind the...

5d

Exceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems

Author(s): Emil J. Bergholtz, Jan Carl Budich, and Flore K. KunstQuantum systems that are coupled to an external bath can often be described in terms of a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian. In isolated systems with Hermitian Hamiltonians, topological aspects of the band structure, and resulting topological phases, have been of interest. The combination...

2w

Invisible axion search methods

Author(s): Pierre SikivieOriginally hypothesized to explain the absence of CP violation in the strong interactions, the axion has emerged as a candidate constituent of dark matter. This review guides the reader through the search methods for the QCD axion as well as for new kinds of particles with axionlike properties. For each case, the physics of...

3w

Novel Probes Project: Tests of gravity on astrophysical scales

Author(s): Tessa Baker, Alexandre Barreira, Harry Desmond, Pedro Ferreira, Bhuvnesh Jain, Kazuya Koyama, Baojiu Li, Lucas Lombriser, Andrina Nicola, Jeremy Sakstein, and Fabian SchmidtModern instruments and observational programs in astrophysics and cosmology have opened new perspectives for probing general relativity on previously unexplored scales....

4w

Origin of the heaviest elements: The rapid neutron-capture process

Author(s): John J. Cowan, Christopher Sneden, James E. Lawler, Ani Aprahamian, Michael Wiescher, Karlheinz Langanke, Gabriel Martínez-Pinedo, and Friedrich-Karl ThielemannThe rapid neutron-capture process plays a major role in the production of heavy elements from Fe to U. This review surveys the history and current understanding of r-process nucleosynthesis,...

Feb 2021

Probing the interior physics of stars through asteroseismology

Author(s): C. AertsBy studying the oscillations of a star’s surface, it is possible to extract information about stellar strata, age, and dynamics. Though one might guess that observation of surface oscillatory motions would be limited to our Sun, high-precision brightness measurements of distant stars, performed over many years, have enabled the field...

Jan 2021

Editorial: The Role of <i>Colloquia</i> in <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i>

Author(s): Dietrich Belitz and Randall D. Kamien[Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 010001] Published Mon Jan 04, 2021

Jan 2021

Neutrinoless double-electron capture

Author(s): K. Blaum, S. Eliseev, F. A. Danevich, V. I. Tretyak, Sergey Kovalenko, M. I. Krivoruchenko, Yu. N. Novikov, and J. SuhonenEfforts to understand the character of the neutrino, and searches for physics beyond the standard model, motivate several ongoing experiments to detect neutrinoless double-beta decay. The complementary process of double-electron...

Dec 2020

Grand unified neutrino spectrum at Earth: Sources and spectral components

Author(s): Edoardo Vitagliano, Irene Tamborra, and Georg RaffeltThe measured neutrino spectrum is essential in this epoch of multimessenger astronomy. To explore astrophysics and particle physics it is necessary to understand and quantify the known contributions to the grand unified neutrino spectrum. Only through a study of the expected neutrino backgrounds...

Dec 2020

<i>Colloquium</i>: Quantum crystallizations of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in superfluid far from equilibrium

Author(s): R. Nomura and Y. OkudaBosonic helium is one of the most quantum mechanical materials ever studied in physics. It shows the famous Bose-Einstein condensation at extremely low temperatures. Although the equilibrium properties of boson liquids are now well understood, little is known about their nonequilibrium properties, especially the interfacial...

Dec 2020