Modes and states in quantum optics

Author(s): C. Fabre and N. TrepsQuantum states of light are at the same time endowed with two superposition principles: the one of the classical Maxwell waves and the one of the quantum states occupying these waves. This article reviews the interplay between these two aspects of quantum optics. A summary of the description of multimode quantum states...

2w

Models of polymer solutions in electrified jets and solution blowing

Author(s): Marco Lauricella, Sauro Succi, Eyal Zussman, Dario Pisignano, and Alexander L. YarinModeling and controlling the flow of complex fluids with nanoscale resolution is an essential component of current and future technologies. In particular, electric fields can be effectively used to steer and manipulate polymeric solutions to create new materials...

Aug 2020

Thirty years of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ astronomy

Author(s): Steve Miller, Jonathan Tennyson, Thomas R. Geballe, and Tom StallardH3+, the simplest polyatomic molecular ion, has been discovered to play an extensive role in the physics and chemistry of astrophysical environments such as interstellar molecular clouds and the atmosphere of giant planets in our Solar System and beyond. This review presents...

Aug 2020

The physics of climate variability and climate change

Author(s): Michael Ghil and Valerio LucariniThis article presents a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals of climate dynamics. Recent developments in dynamical systems theory, as well as in random processes and statistical mechanics, have created a common framework for physicists and climate scientists. The key aspects of climate dynamics addressed...

Jul 2020

Advances and challenges in single-molecule electron transport

Author(s): Ferdinand Evers, Richard Korytár, Sumit Tewari, and Jan M. van RuitenbeekSingle-molecule junctions spanning nanosized gaps between metallic contacts represent an opportunity to study electron transport on atomic length scales through specific molecular species. This review provides a critical account of key results on molecules located in...

Jul 2020

<i>Colloquium</i>: Linear in temperature resistivity and associated mysteries including high temperature superconductivity

Author(s): Chandra M. VarmaEven after much research and heated debate, high temperature superconductivity remains one of the most challenging and controversial problems in condensed matter. Apart from that at a phenomenological level some accepted and successful paradigms for the behavior of electrons fail, even the model relevant for the observed properties...

Jul 2020

Nuclear effective field theory: Status and perspectives

Author(s): H.-W. Hammer, Sebastian König, and U. van KolckEffective field theory has revolutionized the theory of nuclear forces by providing a systematic expansion for strong interactions at low energies based on the symmetries of quantum chromodynamics. This paper reviews layers of effective field theories used in the description of nuclei and their...

Jun 2020

Strong-field nano-optics

Author(s): Péter Dombi, Zsuzsanna Pápa, Jan Vogelsang, Sergey V. Yalunin, Murat Sivis, Georg Herink, Sascha Schäfer, Petra Groß, Claus Ropers, and Christoph LienauWhen electromagnetic fields impinge on nanoscale structured materials, optical field concentrations can occur that enhance the field strength up to 2 orders of magnitude. The strong-field...

Jun 2020

<i>Colloquium</i>: Spintronics in graphene and other two-dimensional materials

Author(s): A. Avsar, H. Ochoa, F. Guinea, B. Özyilmaz, B. J. van Wees, and I. J. Vera-MarunControlled spin transport in graphene and other two-dimensional materials has become increasingly promising for applications in devices. Of particular interest are custom-tailored heterostructures, known as van der Waals heterostructures, that consist of stacks...

Jun 2020

Secure quantum key distribution with realistic devices

Author(s): Feihu Xu, Xiongfeng Ma, Qiang Zhang, Hoi-Kwong Lo, and Jian-Wei PanSome years ago quantum hacking became popular: devices implementing the unbreakable quantum cryptography were shown to have imperfections which could be exploited by attackers. Security has been thoroughly enhanced, as a consequence of both theoretical and experimental advances....

May 2020