The Eemian calcareous tufa formation of Caours provides one of the best-dated records of the last interglacial from fluvial terrace systems in NW Europe, and on the same site, a unique succession of four Palaeolithic layers attributed to Neanderthals, rich in large mammal remains. The tufa, firmly dated to 123.1±2.8 ka on the basis of 25 ages (mainly...

Environmental changes on the northern part of Taymyr Peninsula during the last 62 ka were reconstructed based on pollen assemblages throughout a 46-m-long sediment core from Lake Levinson-Lessing (74°27′54″N, 98°39′58″E). Environmental changes on the northern Taymyr Peninsula were reconstructed based on a new pollen record from a 46-m-long sediment...

MIS 11c is an interglacial of great importance through its similarities to the current warm period and through characteristics that are relevant to future climate scenarios, i.e. the loss of large parts of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This paper reviews the evidence for the climates of MIS 11c as preserved in palaeoenvironmental archives from across Europe....

The manuscript presents the first subfossil chironomid record from the 300 000-year-old Reinsdorf sequence of the well-known archaeological site Schöningen 13 II. We tested two geographically diverse recent chironomid–temperature calibration datasets for German lowland lake sediments and reconstructed summer air temperatures based on subfossil chironomids...

The Finno–Baltic–Polish training set contains 121 sites and covers a geographically continuous 70–50°N latitudinal and 7 °C (12.1–19.2 °C) July air temperature gradient. July air temperature explains the highest amount of variation among other observed variables (pH, water depth and dissolved oxygen) in the new training set. The Finno–Baltic–Polish...