by Cintia L. Araujo Furlan, Santiago Boccardo, Constanza Rodriguez, Verónica S. Mary, Camila M. S. Gimenez, Simon C. Robson, Adriana Gruppi, Carolina L. Montes, Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez An imbalance between suppressor and effector immune responses may preclude cure in chronic parasitic diseases. In the case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, specialized...

by Celine E. Snedden, James O. Lloyd-Smith Researchers and clinicians often rely on molecular assays like PCR to identify and monitor viral infections, instead of the resource-prohibitive gold standard of viral culture. However, it remains unclear when (if ever) PCR measurements of viral load are reliable indicators of replicating or infectious...

by Yifei Liao, Jinjie Yan, Nina R. Beri, Lisa G. Roth, Ethel Cesarman, Benjamin E. Gewurz Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) persistently infects 95% of adults worldwide and is associated with multiple human lymphomas that express characteristic EBV latency programs used by the virus to navigate the B-cell compartment. Upon primary infection, the EBV latency...

by Nutthapon Sangklai, Premruethai Supungul, Pattana Jaroenlak, Anchalee Tassanakajon The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a fungi-related, spore-forming parasite. EHP infection causes growth retardation and size variation in shrimp, resulting in severe economic losses. Studies on shrimp immune response have shown that several...

by Qiongqiong Zhou, Deshi Shi, Yan-Dong Tang, Longfeng Zhang, Boli Hu, Chunfu Zheng, Li Huang, Changjiang Weng Apoptosis is a critical host antiviral defense mechanism. But many viruses have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate apoptosis and escape host antiviral immune responses. Herpesvirus infection regulated apoptosis; however, the underlying...

by Muhammad M. Hasan, Ethan B. Mattice, José E. Teixeira, Rajiv S. Jumani, Erin E. Stebbins, Connor E. Klopfer, Sebastian E. Franco, Melissa S. Love, Case W. McNamara, Christopher D. Huston The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. Current treatment options are inadequate and multiple...